Stop Bad Bleeding and Treat Shock — Basic First Aid
This is holdover knowledge, not a substitute for a medic. Get professional care whenever you can.
1. Press hard, keep pressing
Press directly on the wound with the cleanest cloth you have and keep pressing. Don't peek. If it soaks through, add cloth on top — don't remove the first.
2. Tourniquet only for the worst
For life-threatening limb bleeding that pressure won't stop: 2–3 inches above the wound (not on a joint), tighten until bleeding stops, note the time, do not loosen it. Get real help fast.
3. Treat for shock
Pale, cold, faint? Lay them down and raise the legs a little, but not if the head, neck, back or a leg may be hurt. Keep them warm, reassure them.
4. Clean and cover
Clean the wound with clean water and cover it. Watch for infection.
Common questions
When should you use a tourniquet?
Only for life-threatening bleeding from an arm or leg that direct pressure will not stop. Place it 2–3 inches above the wound, never on a joint, note the time, and get professional help.
What are the signs of shock?
Pale, cool, clammy skin, fast breathing, weakness or faintness. Lay the person down, raise their legs slightly (not if the head, neck, back or a leg may be hurt), keep them warm, and get help.
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General preparedness information, not professional advice. For medical, structural, or dangerous situations, get real help when you can.